Gourds

Regarded as vegetable in cuisine

• Bitter gourd / Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) - Pavakkai
• Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) - Suraikkai
• Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) - Kovakkai
• Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica) - Parwal / Potol
• Snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina) - Pudalangai
• Ridge gourd (Luffa) - Peerkangai
• Winter melon / White gourd / Ash gourd / Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida)- Thadiyangai / Vellaipoosani

Fruits

• Apple (Malus domestica) - Kumali pazham / Arathi pazham
• Pear (Genus Pyrus) - Berikkai
• Grapes (Genus Vitis) - Dratchai
• Banana (Genus Musa) - Vazhai pazham
• Palm / Palmyra fruit - Nongu
• Custard apple / Sweet sop / Sugar apple (Annona squamosa) - Seetha pazham
• Sour sop (Annona muricata) - Mutcitamaram / Pulippala
• Papaya (Carica papaya) - Pappali pazham
• Pineapple (Ananas comosus) - Annasi pazham
• Pomegranate / Chinese apple (Punica granatum) - Madulam pazham
• Plum / Gage / Plum (Prunus domestica) - Aalpagoda
• Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) - Sappotta / Seemai iluppai
• Gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) - Nellikkai
• Otaheite gooseberry / Star gooseberry (Phyllanthus acidus) - Arainelli
• Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) - Pala pazham
• Guava (Genus Psidium) - Koyya pazham
• Orange / Sweet Orange / Chinese apple (Citrus sinensis) - Kamala orange
• Mangosteen / Purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) - Mangusthan pazham
• Orange / Common orange - Kamala orange
• Sweet lime / Sweet lemon (Citrus limetta) - Sathukudi / Musambi
• Lemon (Citrus limon) - Elumicham pazham
• Citron (Citrus medica) - Narthangai
• Pomelo / Chinese grapefruit / Lusho Fruit / Jabong / Pompelmous / Shaddock (Citrus maxima) - Bumblimaas
• Grapefruit / Forbidden fruit of Barbados (Citrus paradisi) - Seemai Bumblimaas
• Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus / Citrullus vulgaris) - Darboos
• Colocynth / Bitter apple / Bitter cucumber / Egusi / Vine of Sodom (Citrullus colocynthis) - Kumatti / Peikumatti / Kaatuvelleri
• Musk melon (Cucumis melo) - Mulam pazham / Kirni pazham
• Avocado / Butter pear / Alligator pear (Persea americana) - Vennai pazham
• Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) - Sarkarai badami
• Star fruit / Carambola (Averrhoa carambola) - Vilimbi pazham / Tamarattai
• Strawberry / Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) - Semputru pazham
• Peach (Prunus persica) - Kuzhiperi
• Kiwi / Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia deliciosa) - Pasali pazham
• Lychee (Litchi chinensis) - Vlachi pazham
• Quince (Cydonia oblonga) - Seemai maadulai
• Wood apple / Stone apple / Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos) - Vilva pazham
• Wood-apple / Elephant-apple / Monkey fruit / Curd fruit (Limonia acidissima) - Vlam pazham / Kapittam
• Java plum / Jambul / Jamun (Syzygium cumini) - Naaga pazham / Naaval pazham
• Malabar plum / Plum rose / Rose apple / Water apple (Syzygium jambos - Pale yellow or Pinkish white fruits) - Peru naaval / Champakka (Malayalam)
• Jujube / Chinese date / Red date (Ziziphus zizyphus) - Elanthai pazham
• Wild cherry / Sweet cherry / Gean / Mazzard (Prunus avium) - Sela pazham
• Durian (Durio zibethinus) - Mulnaari pazham
• Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) - Kodiththodai pazham
• Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) - Seemai panichai

Miscellaneous Food Products

• Jaggery (unrefined sugar made from sugarcane) - Vellam
• Palm sugar (unrefined sugar made from palm) - Karuppati / Panai vellam
• Palm sugar (refined) - Panam karkandu
• Rock sugar / Rocky candy - Karkandu
• Refined sugar - Sarkarai / Cheeni
• Honey - Then
• Ghee / Clarified butter - Nei
• Butter - Vennai
• Cheese - Paaladai katti
  
• Cottage cheese - Paneer / Chhena
  
• Tofu - Soya paneer
• Milk - Paal
• Milk cream - Paal aadai / Paal edu
• Curd / Yogurt - Thayir
• Buttermilk - More
  
• Tamarind - Puli
• Brown sugar - Brown sugar
  

Spices n Condiments

• Fennel seeds- Perunjeeragam
• Royal Cumin seeds / Black Caraway seeds / Caraway seeds / Black cumin seeds (Bunium persicum) - Kala jeera / Shahi jeera
• Cumin seeds - Jeeragam
• Carom seeds / Ajowan caraway - Omam
• Asafoetida - Perungayam
• Dry ginger - Sukku
• Fenugreek - Vendayam
• Indian green chilly - Pacha milagai
• Red pepper / Chili pepper / Cayenne / Long pepper / Jalapeno - Kancha milagai / Milagai vathal
  
• Wild black onion seeds (Nigella sativa) - Kalonji
• Kapok bud - Marati Moggu
• Cinnamon - Pattai
• Green cardamom - Elakkai
• Black cardamom / Brown cardamom / Nepal cardamom - Badi Elaichi
• Raisin - Dried grapes
• Clove - Krambu
• Black stone flower / Sea lichen - Kal pasi
• Bay leaf - Brinji ilai
• Black salt - Karuppu uppu
  
• Coriander seeds - Kothamalli vidai
  
• Black peppercorns - Milagu
• Java pepper / Tailed pepper - Val milagu / Cheena milagu
• Indian long pepper - Kandanthippili
• Poppy seeds - Khus khus
• Sesame seeds - Ellu
• Nutmeg - Jathikkai
• Mace - Jathipathri
• Star anise - Annasi poo
• Dried fenugreek leaves - Kasoori methi
• Saffron - Kum kuma poo
• Borneo / Edible camphor / Kacha karpoor - Pacha karpooram
• Dried mango powder - Maangai podi
• Black nightshade / Hound's berry / Duscle - Manathakkali
• Turkey berry - Sundakkai
• Galangal - Chitharathai
• Sweet flag - Vasambu
• Vettiver - Vettiver
  

White pepper

• Pepper ground from peppercorns from which the outer black layer has been removed.

Green peppercorns

• The green peppercorn is the soft, under ripe berry that's usually preserved in brine.
• Green peppercorns packed in brine are available in jars and cans.
• Freeze-dried green peppercorns are also available and can be stored in a cool, dark place for up to 6 months.

Serrano pepper

• The Serrano pepper is a type of 'chili pepper' that originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo.
• Unripe serranos are green, but the color at maturity varies.
• Common colors are red, brown, orange, or yellow.
• Serranos are very meaty and thus they do not dry very well.

Green Leafy Vegetables

• Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) - Thanneervittan
  
• Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) - Muttaikose
• Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) - Lettuce / ilaikose
  
• Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea gemmiferra) - Miniature cabbages / Kalaikose
  
• Indian spinach (Spinacia oleracea) - Palak / Pasalai keerai
• Ceylon Spinach / Malabar spinach / Broad bologi ( Basella alba) - Sivappu pasalai keerai / Kodi pasalai / Basale soppu
• Amaranth spined (Amaranthus spinosus) - Mulai keerai / Mulla thotakura
• Amaranth / Chinese spinach - Thandu keerai / Thotakura
• Tropical amaranth (Amaranthus polygonoides) - Siru keerai
• Spleen amaranth (Amaranthus dubius) - Arai keerai
• Hummingbird tree leaves / West Indian pea tree (Sesbania grandiflora) - Agathi keerai
• Common sorrel / Deccan hemp leaves / Gongura (Hibiscus cannabinus) - Pulicha keerai
• Common purslane / Pigweed / Little hogweed / Pusley / Verdolaga (Portulaca oleracea) - Karikeerai / Pulikeerai
  
• White goosefoot / Lamb's quarters / Dungweed / Goosefoot / Fat hen (Chenopodium album) - Paruppu keerai / Bathua (Goosefoot family)
• Water shamrock / European water clover (Marsilea quadrifolia) - Neeraarai keerai
• Chicory leaves (Cichorium intybus) - Kasni keerai
• Sessile joyweed / Dwarf copperleaf / Water amaranth (Alternanthera sessilis) - Ponnanganni keerai
• Green Amaranth / Slender Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) - Kuppa keerai
• Radish leaves (Raphanus sativus) - Mullangi keerai
• Beet greens (Beta vulgaris) - Beetroot keerai
• Fenugreek leaves / Methi leaves (Trigonella foenum-graecum) - Vendhaya keerai
• Drumstick leaves - Murunga keerai
• Mustard greens - Kadugu keerai
• Balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum) - Mudakathan keerai
• Indian copperleaf (Acalypha indica) - Kuppai meni
• Boerhaavia (Boerhaavia diffusa) - Mukkarattai keerai
• Stone-breaker (Phyllanthus amarus / Phyllanthus niruri) - Kizhanelli
• Climbing brinjal (Solanum trilobatum) - Thoothuvalai
• Wedelia calendulacea - Manjal karisalanganni
• False daisy (Eclipta alba) - Vellai karisalanganni
• Indian pennywort / Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica) - Vallarai
• Holy basil (Ocimum tenuifolium / Ocimum sanctum) - Krishnathulasi / Karunthulasi
• Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) - Thulasi
• Betel leaves - Vetrilai
• Betel nut / Areca nut (Arecha catechu) - Kottai paaku
• Indian aloe / Barbados aloe (Aloe vera) - Katrazhai

Common Vegetables

• Cauliflower - Cauliflower / Gobi
• Broccoli - Broccoli / Pachai pookose
  
• Drumstick - Murugakkai
• Egg plant / Brinjal / Aubergines - Kathirikkai
• Ladies finger / Okra - Vendakkai
• Gentleman's toes / Ivy gourd / Little gourd / Gerkin / Tindla - Kovakkai / Dondakkai
• Bell pepper / Sweet pepper / Capsicum - Kudai milagai
• Red radish / White radish - Mullangi
• Beetroot - Beetroot
  
• Carrot - Carrot / Manjal mullangi
• Red carrot - Red carrot / Semmanjal mullangi
  
• Parsnip - Root vegetable related to carrot
• Turnip - Nool khol
• Taro root / Colocasia - Seppan kizhangu / Chembu kizhangu / Arbi
• Tapioca / Cassava / Sweet potato / Shakarkand / Kachalu - Cheeni kizhangu / Maracheeni kizhangu / Kappa kizhangu / Maravalli kizhangu
  
• Elephant foot Yam / Suran - Senai kizhangu / Karunai kizhangu
  
• Chinese potato - Koorka kizhangu
  
• Bitter gourd - Pavakkai
• Snake gourd - Pudalankai
• Bottle gourd / Opo squash / Marrow - Suraikkai
• Sponge gourd / Ridge gourd / Serrated gourd / Ribbed gourd / Chinese okra - Pirkankai
• White gourd / Ash gourd / Winter melon / White pumpkin - Vellapoosani / Thadiankai
• Pumpkin - Parangikkai / Manjal poosani
• Squash - Seemai poosani
• Yellow cucumber - Dosakkai
  
• Cucumber - Vellarikkai
  
• Chayote - Chow chow / Bangalore kathirikkai
• Guar bean / Cluster bean - Kothavarankai / Cheeni avarakkai
  
• Broad bean / Indian bean / Hyacinth bean - Avarakkai / Kozhi avarakkai / Thatta avarakkai
  
• Yard long bean / Snake bean / Chinese long bean / Asparagus bean / Long-podded cowpea - Payaru
  
• French bean / Green bean - Common beans
• Plantain stem - Vazhaithandu
• Plantain flower - Vazhaipoo
• Raw plantain - Vazhakkai
• Spring onions / Green onion / Scallions - Vengayathaz
• Sambhar onions / Pearl onions / Shallots - Chinna vengayam
• Onion - Vengayam
• Potato - Urulai kizhangu
• Tomato - Thakkali
  
• Green chilly - Pachai milagai
• Garlic - Poondu
• Mango ginger - Manga inji
• Ginger - Inji
• Lotus stem - Thamarai thandu
• Lotus root - Thamari ver
• Mushroom - Nai kudai / Kalaan
  

Flour

• All purpose flour / Refined flour - Maida maavu
• Corn flour - Makkachola maavu
• Gram flour / Chick pea flour / Besan - Kadalai maavu
• Raagi flour - Kezvaragu maavu
• Rice flour - Pacharisi maavu
• Whole wheat flour / Aata - Gothumai maavu

Pulses / Legumes

• Bengal gram dhal / Channa dhal - Kadalai paruppu
• Chick pea / Garbanzo bean / Chole / Chana - Konda kadalai
• Cow pea / Black eyed pea - Karamani / Thatta payir / Thatta payaru
  
• Field bean - Mochai
• Orange lentil / Red lentil / Masore dhal - Masore paruppu
• Green peas - Pachai pattani
• Rajma / Red bean / Kidney bean - Sigappu beans
• Red gram / Pigeon pea / Toor dhal / Arhar dhal - Thuvaram paruppu
• Roasted gram - Pottukadalai / Porikadalai
  
• Split green gram / Split moong dhal - Paasi paruppu / Payatham paruppu / Siru paruppu
  
• Split urad dhal - Udaitha ulundhu / Udaitha ulutham paruppu
• Whole green gram / Moong dhal - Paasi payaru
• Whole urad dhal / Black gram - Ulundhu
  

Cereals / Grains

• Pearl millet / Bajra - Kambu
• Barley - Barley arisi
• Maize / Corn - Makka cholam
• Ragi - Kez varagu
• Raw rice - Pacharisi
• Par boiled rice - Puzhungalarisi
• Basmati rice - Basmati arisi
• Wheat - Gothumai
• Horse gram - Kollu
• Rice flakes / Beaten rice - Aval
• Puffed rice - Pori
• Rice sticks - Sevai
• Cracked wheat - Gothumai ravai
• Vermicelli - Semia
• Sago - Jevvarisi
• Semolina / Soji - Ravai